Fabrication and characterization of polyurethane foam prepared from liquefied oil palm mesocarp fibre with renewable monomer made from waste cooking oil

This study aims performance characteristics of polyurethane foams prepared by the reaction of biopolyol prepared from liquefied oil palm mesocarp fibre and renewable monomer with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. The effect of prepared oil palm mesocarp biopolyol with incorporation of renewable monomer of PU foam on the thermal stability, mechanical properties and was analyzed by thermo gravimetric analysis, tensile and compressive tests and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The improved thermal properties were achieved at a composition of oil palm mesocarp fibre foams (PMF). Oil PMF foams showed mechanical strength as compared to renewable monomer foams. PU foam prepared from oil palm mesocarp biopolyol with incorporation of renewable monomer improved the foams strength. An infrared spectroscopy study demonstrated the formation of urethane linkage

Dynamic mechanical analysis of Dwimatrix Biopolymer from waste oil blended with thermoplastic; LDPE/HDPE

This paper presents results from an experimental study on the dynamic mechanical and viscoelastic properties of Biopolymer (BP) from Waste vegetable oils (WVO) blended with two types of thermoplastic polyethylene (PE) which are Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). BP blended containing 10–30wt.% of BP were injection moulded. MDI were used as crosslinker agent for modifying the matrices. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of the blended were performed over a temperature range of 30–120°C for BL and 30-140°C for BH under frequency of 1 Hz. DMA revealed no noticeable changes in a-transition temperature when the BP content was increased or were added. The BP blended revealed better temperature resistance at higher BP content. However, the increase in storage modulus was negligible at BL10 and BH20; due to the agglomeration of the BP. The results of the damping ratio analysis revealed that higher interfacial bonding was achieved by addition of MDI crosslinker agent

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL BY USING ULTRASONIC TUBULAR REACTOR

The aim of this research is to find an optimum of synthesis biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) using ultrasonic tubular reactor. The experimental studies explored the variations in reaction time, molar ratio WCO to methanol (MeOH), amount of catalyst, frequency of ultrasonic and output power ultrasonic on the ester contents. Comparisons of type ultrasonic and also mechanical stirring method based on time reaction were investigated. The optimum results of biodiesel process is the reaction time of 5 minute, NaOH catalyst 1%wt of WCO, molar ratio WCO to MeOH of 1:6, frequency ultrasonic of 20 KHz and output power ultrasonic of 650 W. The reaction time reduced 12-24 times compared to both of method and the yield of ester contents was obtained at 96.54%wt

BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL BY USING ULTRASONIC TUBULAR REACTOR

The aim of this research is to find an optimum of synthesis biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) using ultrasonic tubular reactor. The experimental studies explored the variations in reaction time, molar ratio WCO to methanol (MeOH), amount of catalyst, frequency of ultrasonic and output power ultrasonic on the ester contents. Comparisons of type ultrasonic and also mechanical stirring method based on time reaction were investigated. The optimum results of biodiesel process is the reaction time of 5 minute, NaOH catalyst 1%wt of WCO, molar ratio WCO to MeOH of 1:6, frequency ultrasonic of 20 KHz and output power ultrasonic of 650 W. The reaction time reduced 12-24 times compared to both of method and the yield of ester contents was obtained at 96.54%wt

BxDF material acquisition, representation, and rendering for VR and design

Photorealistic and physically-based rendering of real-world environments with high fidelity materials is important to a range of applications, including special effects, architectural modelling, cultural heritage, computer games, automotive design, and virtual reality (VR). Our perception of the world depends on lighting and surface material characteristics, which determine how the light is reflected, scattered, and absorbed. In order to reproduce appearance, we must therefore understand all the ways objects interact with light, and the acquisition and representation of materials has thus been an important part of computer graphics from early days. Nevertheless, no material model nor acquisition setup is without limitations in terms of the variety of materials represented, and different approaches vary widely in terms of compatibility and ease of use. In this course, we describe the state of the art in material appearance acquisition and modelling, ranging from mathematical BSDFs to data-driven capture and representation of anisotropic materials, and volumetric/thread models for patterned fabrics. We further address the problem of material appearance constancy across different rendering platforms. We present two case studies in architectural and interior design. The first study demonstrates Yulio, a new platform for the creation, delivery, and visualization of acquired material models and reverse engineered cloth models in immersive VR experiences. The second study shows an end-to-end process of capture and data-driven BSDF representation using the physically-based Radiance system for lighting simulation and rendering

Molecular Analysis Of Cyp21 Gene In Patients Presenting With Ambiguous Genitalia.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders of adrenal steroidogenesis

Antisense PMO Found in Dystrophic Dog Model Was Effective in Cells from Exon 7-Deleted DMD Patient

BACKGROUND: Antisense oligonucleotide-induced exon skipping is a promising approach for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). We have systemically administered an antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) targeting dystrophin exons 6 and 8 to a dog with canine X-linked muscular dystrophy in Japan (CXMD(J)) lacking exon 7 and achieved recovery of dystrophin in skeletal muscle. To date, however, antisense chemical compounds used in DMD animal models have not been directly applied to a DMD patient having the same type of exon deletion. We recently identified a DMD patient with an exon 7 deletion and tried direct translation of the antisense PMO used in dog models to the DMD patient's cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We converted fibroblasts of CXMD(J) and the DMD patient to myotubes by FACS-aided MyoD transduction. Antisense PMOs targeting identical regions of dog and human dystrophin exons 6 and 8 were designed. These antisense PMOs were mixed and administered as a cocktail to either dog or human cells in vitro. In the CXMD(J) and human DMD cells, we observed a similar efficacy of skipping of exons 6 and 8 and a similar extent of dystrophin protein recovery. The accompanying skipping of exon 9, which did not alter the reading frame, was different between cells of these two species. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Antisense PMOs, the effectiveness of which has been demonstrated in a dog model, achieved multi-exon skipping of dystrophin gene on the FACS-aided MyoD-transduced fibroblasts from an exon 7-deleted DMD patient, suggesting the feasibility of systemic multi-exon skipping in humans

Dynamic mechanical analysis and morphology of petroleum-based and bio-epoxy foams with wood filler

Current challenges highlight the need for polymer research using renewable natural sources as a substitute for petroleum-based polymers. In this study, consequently, the fabrication of green polyurethane (PU) foams and its composites is to be demonstrated dependent on synthesis in the laboratory scale of hydroxylated bio-epoxy (B) and petroleum-based synthetic-epoxy (E), crosslinker and wood fillers. Polyurethane foams were modified with two type of wood fiber fillers, powder (P) and flakes (L) with specific percentage ratios of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 %wt. Bio-epoxy (B) and synthetic-epoxy (E) foam and its composite were exposed to UV irradiation for a period of 2000 hours and 4000 hours by UV Whetherometer apparatus. The morphology structure and viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus, E', damping behavior, ta

Tensile property of melt mixing co-polypropylene with waste polymer at different composition ratios

In order to implement economical way of managing unwanted substances, waste polymer (WP) can be recycled instead of throwing it away. It can be reused via "sink-float" technique and mixed with another binder like co-polypropylene (co-PP) to enhance the mechani-cal properties of the material. This is because co-PP is a bit softer but has better impact strength, much tougher and more durable than polypropylene (PP). Two materials underwent injection moulding with 170°C temperature to produce dog bone samples for tensile test. The test started with 10% up until 80% of WP content mixed with co-PP. Tensile test speed used for this experiment was 5mm/s. Stress vs. strain graph was obtained from the test and the modulus of elasticity was obtained by using the stress over strain formula. The stress versus strain result for the composite with WP is lower than that of co-PP, proving that WP is more brittle compared to the more elastic co-PP. Morphological analysis of surface structure based on Optical Microscope (OM) indicates that co-PP has smooth surface while WP has a rough surface